Dynamic content delivery systems and methods for providing same

ABSTRACT

Content delivery systems and related methods can provide dynamic content across a network, based on detected network performance. An exemplary method can include transmitting a request to deliver requested content over a network. The method can further include transmitting a first confirmation responsive to receiving a test packet. Additionally, the method can include receiving, a first data set that is at least a first portion of the requested content and which includes a second request for confirmation, and transmitting a second confirmation. Finally, the method can include receiving a second data set, the second data set that is at least a second portion of the requested content and that is different from the first portion of the requested content.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Application is a continuation application claiming priority under35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/611,531, filedFeb. 2, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/139,342, filed 23 Dec. 2013, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,949,379, whichclaims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/911,322, filed 25Oct. 2010, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,615,569, the entire contents andsubstance of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully setout below.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Various embodiments of the present invention relate to delivery ofcontent from a remote location and, more particularly, to systems andmethods for selecting content for delivery based on a dynamic networkperformance indication.

BACKGROUND

Websites and other systems for delivering remote content may beconfigured to provide large amounts of data over a network withinrelatively short periods of time. For example, a server for agraphically-intensive website may need to deliver data corresponding tovideo, audio, or multimedia over a network in response to a clientcomputer's request for website content. In some instances, the rate atwhich the data is received by the client computer can greatly affect auser's experience. For example, if the content to be delivered is anaudio or video file, then the content must be delivered in a timelyenough manner that it can be reconstructed at the client computer toresult in audio or video that does not skip or stall unnecessarily.Unfortunately, various aspects of the network are not controlled by theserver, and thus, content delivered to the client is not always receivedin a manner that enables a user at the client to appreciate thedelivered content as intended.

Some conventional systems attempt to reduce the above issue of contentdelivery over a network by determining the bandwidth available to aclient computer before transmitting content to the client computer.After determining the bandwidth, a conventional system may reduce thequality of the content, thereby reducing the amount of data transmittedto deliver the content, if the bandwidth is lower than desirable forfull quality. The bandwidth determination generally comprisestransmitting a file to the client computer and detecting the rate atwhich the client computer downloads the file. Because repeatedlytransmitting the file would be impractical, the bandwidth determinationis performed only once, before content delivery beings. Thus, theseconventional systems select content for delivery based only on aone-time test and do not react to changing network conditions.

SUMMARY

There is a need for improved systems and methods for selecting deliveredcontent based on a dynamic performance indication. It is to such systemsand methods that various embodiments of the present invention aredirected.

Briefly described, various embodiments of the present invention arecontent delivery systems and methods configured to repeatedly receive anindication of network performance, so as to dynamically update contentbefore delivery. In an exemplary embodiment, a content delivery systemcan comprise a content request unit, a detection unit, and atransmission unit.

The content request unit can receive a request from a remote client forcertain content available to the content delivery system. The contentrequest unit can then process the request as needed and can instruct thetransmission unit as to what content was requested by the client.

The detection unit can monitor the network and periodically update oneor more network performance indicators, which can each indicate anaspect of the network's performance. For example, to update a firstnetwork performance indicator, the detection unit can transmit apredetermined number of test data packets to the client and candetermine the latency in delivering those test packets. The determinedcurrent latency can be compared to a baseline latency of the network,and the first network performance indicator can be updated to be thepercentage increase in latency since the baseline latency wascalculated. Because determining the network latency need not comprisetransmitting an entire file to the client, as in some conventionalsystems, the latency can be determined in this manner repeatedly asneeded. When a network performance indicator is updated, the updatedvalue can then be communicated to the transmission unit.

The transmission unit can receive instructions to deliver content, fromthe content request unit, and can receive periodic updates to thenetwork performance indicators, from the detection unit. For eachavailable content, the transmission unit can have access to a primarydata set embodying that content, as well as one or more alternate datasets also embodying the content. Each alternate data set can differ fromthe primary data set and the other alternate data sets in some respect.For example, and not limitation, the primary data set can be the highestquality version of a video, and each alternate data set can be the samevideo in varying degrees of quality. Based on the network performanceindicators, the transmission unit can select an appropriate data set totransmit to the client in response to the client's request for content.If an update to a network performance indicator is received while one ofthe data sets is already being transmitted, the transmission unit canreplace the current data set with a different data set corresponding tothe same content, as dictated by interpretation of the networkperformance indicators, for the remainder of the transmission.

The content delivery system can thus respond to changes in networkperformance by dynamically selecting data in response to a client'srequest. As a result, the content delivery system can preserve anoverall positive experience of a web page or other requested content,even when network performance degrades.

Other embodiments of the present disclosure can include systems andmethods for requesting and receiving content from a remote server over anetwork. In an exemplary embodiment, a method can include transmitting,from a client device and to a remote server, a request to deliverrequested content over a network. The method can further includeresponsive to receiving, at the client device and from the remoteserver, a test packet comprising a first request for confirmation,transmitting, to the remote server, a first confirmation. Additionally,the method can include receiving, at the client device and from theremote server, a first data set, the first data set being at least afirst portion of the requested content, and the first data setcomprising a second request for confirmation, and transmitting, to theremote server, a second confirmation. Finally, the method can includereceiving, at the client device and from the remote server, a seconddata set, the second data set being at least a second portion of therequested content, the second portion of the requested content beingdifferent from the first portion of the requested content, and thesecond data set received responsive to determining, by the remoteserver, a change in network performance based at least in part on acomparison of the first confirmation and the second confirmation.

These and other objects, features, and advantages of the contentdelivery system will become more apparent upon reading the followingspecification in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates a content delivery system, according to an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates an architecture of a client computer of the contentdelivery system, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an architecture of a server computer of the contentdelivery system, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of interactions occurring in the contentdelivery system, according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of a method of updating a networkperformance indicator of the content delivery system, according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a method of dynamically selectingdata for delivery in response to a content request, according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments of the present invention are content deliverysystems. To facilitate an understanding of the principles and featuresof the present invention, various illustrative embodiments are explainedbelow. In particular, the invention is described in the context of beinga content delivery system for delivering website content to clientcomputers. Embodiments of the invention, however, are not limited todelivering website content. Rather, embodiments of the invention may beused for delivering various types of digital content to variouscomputing devices. For example, and not limitation, an embodiment of thecontent delivery system may be used to dynamically select and delivercertain data before other data to ensure that a recipient receives highpriority data before a predetermined deadline despite degraded networkperformance.

Embodiments of the content delivery system are described below asembodied in a web environment, but a web environment is not required.References to web components throughout this disclosure are forconvenience and should not be considered limiting. For example, and notlimitation, embodiments of the content delivery system may beimplemented in media centers, video game consoles, operating systems, orvirtual machines. The components described hereinafter as making upvarious elements of the invention are intended to be illustrative andnot restrictive. Many suitable components that can perform the same orsimilar functions as components described herein are intended to beembraced within the scope of the invention. Such other components notdescribed herein may include, but are not limited to, componentsdeveloped after development of the invention.

Referring now to the figures, in which like reference numerals representlike parts throughout the views, various embodiments of the contentdelivery system will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 illustrates a content delivery system 100, according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention. The content deliverysystem 100 can be embodied in a computer-readable medium and executed bya computer processor on a computing device 110 to provide one, some, orall aspects of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the content deliverysystem 100 can be integrated, in whole or in part, in a computing device110, which can behave as or include a server 300 to provide services toremote computing devices 110.

A client 200 can request content from the server 300, which can utilizethe content delivery system 100 to transmit data to the client 200 inresponse to the request. For example, and not limitation, the server 300can provide services for an associated website 120. The client 200 canbe or comprise a web client 224 accessing the website 120, and requestsfor web page content for the website 120 can be issued from the webclient 224 to the server 300. These requests for web page content can behandled by the content delivery system 100, which can transmit dataembodying web page content back to the client 200. Not all embodimentsof the invention need be related to web page content, however, and otherforms of content can also be requested of and delivered by the contentdelivery system 100.

As shown, the client 200 and the server 300 can be in communication overa network 50. Generally, the content delivery system 100 has access totwo or more sets of data embodying the content, wherein the data setsdiffer in one or more respects. The content delivery system 100 candetermine one or more performance indicators related to the network 50,and based on the performance indicators, the content delivery system 100can select which data set embodying the content to deliver to the client200 in response to the content request.

In some embodiments, for each available content, the data sets differ inquality, such that a primary data set can be the highest quality ofavailable data sets for a particular content. Alternate data sets can beavailable at lower qualities, and each additional data set can have areduced total transmission size as compared to the primary data set.Thus, transmitting an alternate data set over the network 50 can beperformed more quickly than transmitting the primary data set.

In some other embodiments of the content delivery system 100, however,the alternate data sets need not differ from the primary data set inquality, but other differences can exist. For example, and notlimitation, an alternate data set can prioritize or arrange datadifferently than the primary data set, such that, for example, a firstpiece of data included in both the primary and the alternate data set istransmitted at an earlier time when the alternate data set is used.Thus, through use of the content delivery system 100, data making up therequested content can be prioritized based on network performance.

The alternate data sets can be generated from the primary data set, andin some embodiments, generation of an alternate data set can occur inreal time. For example, and not limitation, the server 300 can compriseor have access to a storage device 214 that can store the primary dataset for each content available through the content delivery system 100.When content is requested by a client 200, the content delivery system100 can access the current values of the performance indicators, andbased on the performance indicators, the content delivery system 100 canselect either the primary data set corresponding to the requestedcontent or an alternate data set corresponding to the requested content.If an alternate data set is selected, and if that alternate data set isnot already stored on the accessible storage device 214, the selectedalternate data set can be generated by processing the primary data set.The alternate data set can then be transmitted to the client 200 overthe network 50. The content delivery system 100 can periodically updatethe values of the network performance indicators. If an updated value ofa network performance indicator dictates use of a different data setthan one currently being transmitted, then the content delivery system100 can dynamically substitute the appropriate data set for the currentone. The content delivery system 100 can thus regulate the transmissionof data sets corresponding to requested content, according toperformance indicator values, thereby prioritizing performance,functionality, or other quality factors.

As shown in FIG. 1, the content delivery system 100, on or accessible bythe server 300, can comprise one or more units for processing contentrequests and transmitting data to clients 200 in response. The units ofthe content delivery system 100 can be programs, program modules, orother operative components of the content delivery system 100. Theseunits can comprise, for example, a content request unit 150, a detectionunit 160, and a transmission unit 170. Generally, the content requestunit 150 can receive and process requests for content received fromclients 200; the detection unit 160 can detect performance of thenetwork 50 between the server 300 and the client 200, and can update theperformance indicators as needed; and the transmission unit 170 canprocess content and transmit content across the network 50 to the client200, as dictated by the network performance indicators.

Although these units are described below as being distinct components ofthe content delivery system 100, this need not be the case. The unitsare distinguished herein based on operative distinctiveness, but theycan be implemented in various fashions, wherein the elements orcomponents making up the various units can overlap or be divided in amanner other than that described below.

Additionally, although these units are described as being located at theserver 300, this also need not be the case. One or more of the units canreside, in whole or in part, at the client 200 or can be distributedacross the network 50. For example, and not limitation, one or moreoperations of the detection unit 160 can be performed by a first client200 to detect information related to a second client 200, where the twoclients are in communication with each other over the network 50. Inthat case, the first client 200 can gather metrics on the second client200 and deliver these metrics to the detection unit 160 residing on theserver 300.

As shown, the client 200 and the server 300 can be computing devices,such as those illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. Alternatively, however,either or both of the client 200 and the server 300 can be one or moreprocesses, applications, or computing devices. For example, and notlimitation, the client 200 can be a web client running on a clientcomputing device 110, and the server 300 can be a server process runningon a computing device 110 remote from the client computing device 110.

FIGS. 2-3 provide exemplary computer architectures for, respectively,the client 200 and the server 300. Those skilled in the art willrecognize that the general architectures described in reference to FIGS.2-3 are for example only, and can be modified to accommodate variousembodiments of the content delivery system 100 and various operationalenvironments.

FIG. 2 illustrates an architecture of a client 200 of the contentdelivery system 100, where the client 200 is a computing device 110,according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Theclient 200 can access the website 120 or other interface of the contentdelivery system 100, over the network 50. As shown in FIG. 2, the client200 can comprise a central processing unit 205 (“CPU”) and one or moresystem memories 207, such as a random access memory 209 (“RAM”) and anon-volatile memory, such as a read-only memory (“ROM”) 211. The client200 can further comprise a system bus 212 coupling together the memory207, the processing unit 205, and various other components. A basicinput/output system containing routines to assist in transferringinformation between components of the client 200 can be stored in theROM 211.

The client 200 can comprise, or can be associated with, various forms ofcomputer-readable media. One such form of computer-readable media can beembodied in a mass storage device 214. Although the description ofcomputer-readable media contained herein generally refers to a massstorage device 214, such as a hard disk or CD-ROM drive, it will beappreciated by those skilled in the art that computer-readable media caninclude many available media accessible by the client 200. The massstorage device 214 can store an operating system 216, applicationprograms, and other program units. The mass storage device 214 can beconnected to the CPU 205 through a mass storage controller (not shown)connected to the bus 212. The mass storage device 214 can providenon-volatile storage for the client 200.

Computer-readable media may include computer storage media, such asvolatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implementedin many methods or technologies for storage of information, such ascomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program units, or otherdata. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to, RAM,ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, other solid state memory technology,CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (“DVD”), other optical storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storagedevices, or many other media that may be used to store the desired dataand may be accessible by the client 200 or the server 300.Computer-readable instructions on the storage media of the client 200can include, for example, instructions for implementing processes,preferably client-side processes, of the content delivery system 100.

According to various embodiments, the client 200 can operate in anetworked environment using logical connections to remote computers,such as the server 300, through a network 50, such as the Internet. Theclient 200 can connect to the network 50 through a network interfaceunit 220 connected to the bus 212. It will be appreciated that thenetwork interface unit 220 can also be utilized to connect to othertypes of networks and remote computer systems.

The client 200 can also include an input/output controller 222 forreceiving and processing input from a number of other devices, includinga keyboard, mouse, or electronic stylus. The input/output controller 222can provide output to a display screen, a printer, or other type ofoutput device.

A number of program units and data files can be stored in the massstorage device 214 and RAM 209 of the client 200. Such program units anddata files can also include an operating system 216 suitable forcontrolling operations of a networked personal computer. A web clientapplication program, or web client 224, can also be stored on the massstorage device 214 and the RAM 209. The web client 224 can comprise anapplication program for requesting and rendering web pages 226 createdin Hypertext Markup Language (“HTML”) or other markup orbrowser-readable languages. The web client 224 can be capable ofexecuting client side objects, as well as scripts through the use of ascripting host. The scripting host can execute program code expressed asscripts within the browser environment.

Referring now to FIG. 3, the server 300 utilized in various exemplaryembodiments of the content delivery system 100 is illustrated. Theserver 300 can receive and respond to requests from clients 200 foroperation of the content delivery system 100. Those skilled in the artwill recognize that the server 300 illustrated in FIG. 3 is an exemplaryserver configuration and can be modified to accommodate variousembodiments of the content delivery system 100. As shown in FIG. 3, theserver 300 can include many of the conventional computing componentsincluded in the client 200 and described above with respect to FIG. 2.In particular, the server 300 can include a processing unit 205, anetwork interface unit 220 connected to the network 50, a system memory207, and a mass storage device 214.

The mass storage device 214 utilized by the server 300 can typically beoperative to store an operating system 216 suitable for servicing thewebsite 120, if applicable, and for controlling operations of a servercomputer. The mass storage device 214 and its associatedcomputer-readable storage media can provide non-volatile storage for theserver 300. Computer-readable instructions on computer-readable storagemedia of the server 300 can include, for example, instructions forimplementing processes, preferably server-side processes, of the contentdelivery system 100.

In some embodiments, the server 300 can utilize a web server application332. The web server application 332 may receive and respond to requestsfrom web clients 224 at remote computers, such as the client 200, forweb pages 226 located at or accessible to the server 300. It will beappreciated that web pages 226, as described herein, include both thosepages stored statically and utilizing only HTML, as well as pagesgenerated dynamically through use of server-side scripting technologies.

FIG. 4 illustrates a diagram of interactions that can occur foroperation of the content delivery system 100. As shown in FIG. 4, theclient 200 and the content request unit 150 can be in communication witheach other, so that the client 200 can transmit content requests 410 tothe content request unit 150. The content request unit 150 can also bein communication with the transmission unit 170 to instruct thetransmission unit 170 as to which content to deliver to the client 200.The detection unit 160 can be in communication with the client 200, soas to transmit data to the client 200 as needed to detect informationabout performance of the network 50 and to detect characteristics andperformance of the client 200. The detection unit 160 can also be incommunication with the transmission unit 170, to provide updatedindications of the network's performance. In addition to being incommunication with the content request unit 150 and the detection unit160, the transmission unit 170 can also be in communication with theclient 200, so as to transmit data to the client 200 in response to theclient's request 410 for content.

The client 200 can initiate content delivery by requesting content fromthe content request unit 150. The content request 410 from the client200 can take various forms. In some exemplary embodiments, the request410 can be a request for a web page to be delivered from the server 300to the client 200 for display on a web client associated with the client200. The content request 410 can be a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)request for web page content. Alternatively, for another example, thecontent request 410 can be an FTP request, whereby the client 200requests that a file be downloaded from the server 300.

Upon receiving the content request 410, the content request unit 150 canprocess the request 410 as needed and then relay instructions to thetransmission unit 170. Processing the request 410 can include, forexample, identifying the storage location of the content correspondingto the content request 410, parsing the request 410 so that the storagelocation can be identified by the transmission unit 170, identifying alocation of the client 200, or various other tasks. After processing ofthe request 410 is performed, the content request unit 150 can instructthe transmission unit 170 to deliver the requested content to the client200.

The detection unit 160 can detect an initial state of the network, andcan periodically update one or more network performance indicators 420.Each network performance indicator can be a value or set of values thatindicate performance of the network 50 between the content deliverysystem 100 and the client 200. The network performance indicators 420can be communicated to and used by the transmission unit 170 todetermine which data to deliver to the client 200 in response to thecontent request 410.

Before transmission of the requested content begins, or soon aftertransmission begins, the detection unit 160 can detect initialcharacteristics of the network 50. For example, and not limitation,initially detected characteristics can include the client's bandwidth,the network's initial latency, or both. As will be discussed in moredetail below, the transmission unit 170 can select an active data setcorresponding to the requested content, and that active data set can betransmitted to the client 200 in response to the content request 410.The initially detected characteristics of the network can becommunicated from the detection unit 160 to the transmission unit 170,and then used by the transmission unit 170 to select the first, orinitial, active data set 440 for the requested content. For example, andnot limitation, if the detection unit 160 initially detects that theclient 200 has a high bandwidth, and the network 50 has a low latency,the first active data set 440 can be selected to be the largest orhighest quality data set 440 available for the requested content. Incontrast, if the client 200 has a relatively low bandwidth, and thenetwork 50 has a relatively high latency, then the transmission unit 170can select a smaller or lower quality data set 440 as the first activedate set 440. Alternatively, some exemplary embodiments of the contentdelivery system 100 can automatically select the largest and highestquality data set as the first active data set 440.

The detection unit 160 can continuously or periodically track, monitor,or otherwise detect one or more aspects of the network's performance,and the detected performance can be represented by the networkperformance indicators 420. The aspects of network performance detectedcan be, for example, a combination of latency, bandwidth, or otherfactors. Detection of network performance can take various forms. Forexample, and not limitation, the detection unit 160 can passivelyreceive information from network 50 resources, or can periodicallyperform network tests 430, the result of which can be used as thenetwork performance indicators 420 or as a basis for determining thenetwork performance indicators 420.

A network test 430 can comprise performing one or more tasks related tothe network 50 and observing the result of the tasks. If the networktest 430 comprises determining the latency of the network 50, forexample, the detection unit 160 can perform this network test 430 bytransmitting a test data packet to the client 200 and then determiningthe delay, i.e., the latency, in delivering the test packet. Thedetection unit 160 can request a receipt confirmation for the testpacket, and when the confirmation arrives, the detection unit 160 cancalculate the latency as half of the time between outputting the testpacket and receiving the receipt confirmation. Alternatively, thereceipt confirmation can include a timestamp, and the latency can becalculated as the time between the timestamp and when the detection unit160 output the test packet.

While, in some embodiments, the test packets used during a network testcan be packets transmitted to the client 200 specifically for testingpurposes, this need not be the case. In some other embodiments, forexample, the data sets 440 delivered to the client 200 in response to acontent request 410 can also act as test packets. Thus, the detectionunit 160 can detect the performance of the network 50 in handling thedelivery of the requested content to the client 200, and can update theperformance indicators 420 based on that detected performance.

To more accurately determine current performance of the network 50, thenetwork test 430 can comprise repeatedly performing a task and selectinga statistically significant result of the repeated tasks. For example, aplurality of test packets can be transmitted to the client 200. Thenumber of test packets transmitted during a single network test 430 canbe implementation-dependent, such as, for example, a fixed predeterminednumber of test packets, or as many test packets as can be transmittedwithin a predetermined timeframe. The average of the calculatedlatencies can be used to determine the network performance indicator420. It will be understood that the term “average” can refer not only tothe statistical mean of a set of data but can also refer to the medianor the mode.

The value of a particular, exemplary network performance indicator 420can be at least partially based on a comparison between a current stateof the network 50 and a previous state of the network 50 or, morespecifically, a comparison between a current result of the network test430 and a previous result of the network test 430. Thus, the networkperformance indicator 420 can indicate changes in network performance,as opposed to just current network performance. In some embodiments, abaseline network test 430 can be performed to determine a state of thenetwork 50 at an initial time, preferably before significant content hasbeen transferred between the server 300 and the client 200. For example,and not limitation, the baseline test can be performed when a user ofthe client 200 logs into the website 120 or when the client 200initiates a new session with the server 300. The baseline network test430 can be substantially the same as later network tests 430, and theresult of the baseline test can be stored for later comparison. In someembodiments, the current result of the network test 430 can always becompared against the baseline result, but in other embodiments, someother previous result can alternatively or additionally be selected forcomparison.

After a network test 430 is performed, a network performance indicator420 can be updated to reflect the result of the most recent network test430. For examples, and not limitation, a network performance indicator420 can be updated to be the current latency calculated from averagingthe travel time of a plurality of test packets; a network performanceindicator 420 can be updated to be the ratio of the current network test430 result to a selected previous network test 430 result, such as thebaseline test result; a network performance indicator 420 can be updatedto be a percentage by which the network latency has changed since thebaseline network test 430; or a network performance indicator 420 can beupdated to represent a measure of throughput, which can be calculatedbased on one or more of the initial latency, historical latency, and thecurrent latency.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 500 for determining anetwork performance indicator 420. As shown in FIG. 5, at 510, a networktest 430 can be performed to determine a baseline performance of thenetwork 50. In some embodiments, the network test 430 can compriseaveraging the latencies calculated for a plurality of test packetstransmitting to the client 200. At 520, the network test 430 can beperformed again, at a later time, to determine a current performance ofthe network 50. At 530, the current network performance can be comparedto a previous network performance, such as the baseline performance, toyield a comparison result. At 540, the network performance indicator 420can be set to a new value based on the comparison. At 550, the updatednetwork performance indicator 420 can be communicated to thetransmission unit 170. After the network performance indicator 420 iscalculated, the method 500 can return to 520 to perform the network test430 again, so as to periodically update the network performanceindicator 420 based on current performance of the network 50.

For an example of the above, suppose that a user of the client 200 logsinto the website 120 over a network 50, where the website 120 isserviced by the server 300, which utilizes the content delivery system100 to transmit website 120 content to website 120 users. When the userlogs in, the content delivery system 100 can transmit a plurality oftest packets to the client 200 to determine a baseline latency of thenetwork 50. Website content can initially be transmitted to the client200 in highest quality form. Periodically, the content delivery system100 can transmit another set of test packets to the client 200, andbased on the travel times of this set of test packets, the contentdelivery system 100 can determine a current latency of the network 50. Afirst network performance indicator 420 can be updated to be the currentlatency of the network 50. The current latency can then be comparedagainst the baseline latency to yield a second network performanceindicator 420, which can be a percentage by which the current latency isan increase over the baseline latency. If the baseline latency is 100ms, for example, and the current latency is 180 ms, then this secondnetwork performance indicator 420 can be 80%. It will be understoodthat, while this example utilizes two network performance indicators420, various numbers of network performance indicators 420 can be used,and not all network performance indicators 420 need be based on the samenetwork test 430, i.e., a latency test comprising transmitting aplurality of test packets.

Both of the above-described exemplary network performance indicators 420can be useful for different reasons and, thus, used for differentpurposes. The current latency can be particularly useful in determiningthe perceived quality to the user of interactive content. For example,if two users are using a video chat feature of the website 120, it isdesirable for the current latency to be low, so that the users caneffectively interact with each other. In contrast, for unidirectionalcontent, such as a prerecorded streaming video being delivered to theclient 200, the change in latency can be more indicative of perceivedquality. If the latency is consistent, even if the latency is large,data packets of the streaming video will arrive at generally the sameintervals at which they were outputted from the server 300. Thus, whilethe current latency can determine the timeframe for receiving the firstdata packet of the video, the streaming video can be smoothlyreconstructed because the remaining data packets will be deliveredwithin the same timeframe. If the latency is increasing, however, thedata packets will arrive at the client 200 spaced farther apart thanthey were outputted. Accordingly, the change in latency can bedeterminative of how the content is reconstructed at the client 200.

Referring now back to FIG. 4, the transmission unit 170 can have accessto contents available for request by the client 200. For example, if thecontent delivery system 100 is associated with a website 120, thetransmission unit 170 can have access to data for the web pages of thewebsite 120. A requestable content can be embodied in one or moredifferent data sets 440, including a primary data set 440 and optionalone or more alternate data sets 440, each of which can be versions ofthe requested content. In an exemplary embodiment, the primary data set440 can be the largest or highest quality version of the requestedcontent that is available to the transmission unit 170. At least one ofthe data sets 440, for example, the primary data set 440, for eachcontent can be stored on a storage device 214 accessible to thetransmission unit 170. The corresponding other data sets 440, forexample, the alternate data sets 440, can also be stored on the storagedevice 214 or, alternatively, can be generated on the fly from thecorresponding primary data set 440 or from a corresponding otheralternate data set, as needed before being transmitted to the client200.

Upon receiving a request 410 to deliver content to a client 200, whichrequest 410 can be communicated from the content request unit 150, thetransmission unit 170 can select one of the data sets 440 embodying therequested content to be the active data set, and can transmit theselected, active data set 440 to the client 200 in response to thecontent request 410. In some embodiments, the transmission unit 170 caninitially select the primary data set 440 as the active data set 440,and can begin transmitting the primary data set 440 to the client 200.

As the network performance indicators 420 are updated by the detectionunit 160, the transmission unit 170 can select a different data set 440as the active set, wherein the active data set 440 is the data setcurrently being transmitted to the client 200 to fulfill the contentrequest 410. Selection of the active data set 440 can depend, in wholeor in part, on the one or more available network performance indicators420 provided by the detection unit 160. For example, and not limitation,if the requested content is interactive content, a network performanceindicator 420 related to current latency can be used to select a dataset to transmit to the client 200. If the requested content isunidirectional content, however, a network performance indicator 420related to a change in latency, such as the ratio between current andbaseline latencies, can be used to select a particular data set.

The transmission unit's selection of an active data set 440 can alsodepend, to some degree, on user preferences associated with the client200. In some embodiments, a user associated with the client 200 canindicate default transmission preferences. For example, the user canindicate to the content delivery system 100 that the initially activedata set 440 should always be the highest quality data set 440 availablefor requested content, or the user can indicate the initially activedata set 440 should be the lowest quality data set 440 available. Theuser can also provide the content delivery system 100 with guidelines asto what values of performance indicators 420 trigger switches betweendata sets 440. The transmission unit 170 can comply with thesepreferences when selecting an active data set 440 in answer to a contentrequest 410. In short, the use of preferences can enable a user tocustomize his or her experience based on the performance indicators 420or other environmental conditions.

For each network performance indicator 420, the transmission unit 170can establish or otherwise have access to a set of predetermined rangesof potential values for that network performance indicator 420. Forexample, for a network performance indicator 420 whose value is thepercentage increase in latency from the baseline latency to the currentlatency, the predetermined ranges of the values can be as follows:[NPI<25%; 25%≦NPI<50%; 50%≦NPI<75%; NPI≧75%], where “NPI” refers to thevalue of the network performance indicator 420. In an exemplaryembodiment, there can be a one-to-one correspondence between the numberof ranges of potential values of the network performance indicator 420and the number of data sets 440 corresponding to requested content, sothat each available data set corresponds to one and only onepredetermined range of values. If, for example, the network performanceindicator 420 is 35%, then the transmission unit 170 can select as theactive data set 440 the data set 440 corresponding to the second rangeof values above.

As mentioned previously, the different data sets 440 for a singlecontent can differ from one another. In an exemplary embodiment, thedata sets 440 can be created to provide the user at the client 200 witha good experience during receipt of the content. If the requestedcontent is content of a web page, then the content delivery system 100can be configured to select data to supply the web page content in amanner that provides the user with a positive website 120 experience.For example, if the requested content is streaming video on the website120, then the primary data set 440 can be the highest quality version ofthe video. This primary data set 440 can selected as the initial activedata set 440 and can be transmitted to the user until a networkperformance indicator 420 indicates that the latency of the network 50has changed so as to place to the value of the network performanceindicator 420 in a different predetermined range. As a result, analternate data set 440 can be selected as the newly active data set 440for transmission of the remainder of the video, or for transmissionuntil the network performance indicators 420 dictate yet another changein the active data set 440. The selected alternate data set 440 canrepresent, for example, a lower quality version of the video, which canbe transmitted to the client 200 so that the data packets of thealternate data set arrive close enough together to enable the user toview and properly experience the streaming video. The alternate data setcan be previously stored on a storage device 214 accessible to thetransmission unit 170, or it can be generated in real time, such as bycompressing portions of the remainder of the primary data set 440, e.g.,the high quality streaming video, before transmitting them to the client200. The active data set 440 being transmitted to the client 200 canchange dynamically based on the current state of the network performanceindicators 420, which can be periodically updated by the detection unit160.

Depending on the purposes or implementation of an embodiment of thecontent delivery system 100, an alternate data set 440 need not be alower quality version of a primary data set 440. For example, and notlimitation, an alternate data set 440 can be a rearranged version of theprimary data set 440, or can exclude data from or add data to theprimary data set 440. For example, a content delivery system 100 can beconfigured to ensure that high priority data is delivered within certaintime constraints. In such an embodiment, a primary data set 440 forrequested content can contain data describing a set of events inchronological order. If a network performance indicator 420 indicates tothe transmission system that latency has increased past a predeterminedthreshold, the data in the primary data set 440 can be rearranged intoan alternate data set, so as to result in the high priority event dataarriving at the client 200 first. In this manner, the content deliverysystem 100 can ensure that the high priority data arrives at the client200 within the given time constraints. Of course, other implementationscan also be provided in various embodiments of the content deliverysystem 100.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary method 600 of transmitting content to aclient 200 in response to a content request 410. As shown, at 610, acontent request 410 can be received from a remote client 200. At 620,transmission of the content to the client 200 begins, by transmittingportions of a primary data set 440 embodying the requested content. Forexample, the first ten seconds of the highest available quality versionof a streaming video can be transmitted to the client 200. At 630, acurrent network performance indicator 420 can be determined. At 640, itcan be determined that the current network performance indicator 420dictates selection of an alternate data set 440. At 650, an alternatedata set 440 can be selected based on the current network performanceindicator 420. At 660, transmission of the content continues withtransmission of portions of the alternate data set 440 embodying aremaining portion of the requested content. Returning to the aboveexample, if after transmission of the first ten seconds of the video,the network performance indicator 420 is updated and resultantlydictates a lower quality streaming video, then a lower quality versionof the video can then be transmitted to the client 200, beginning afterthe first ten seconds.

An additional beneficial feature of some embodiments of the contentdelivery system 100 is its ability to prioritize portions of therequested content. Where the client 200 has requested web page content,for example, the web page can include distinct sections or portions ofcontent. For example, a web page can include an interactive instantmessaging frame, a photo album, and a streaming video. The contentdelivery system 100 can assign priorities, or weights, to each of theseportions of the web page content, or the priorities can be previouslyintegrated into predetermined alternate data sets 440 for the overallweb page content. When an updated network performance indicator 420dictates that a different data set should replace the active data set440 currently being transmitted in response to a content request 410,the weights of the portions of the web page can be considered todetermine how to select or generate an alternate data set 440 for thecontent. For example, through prioritizing, the content delivery system100 can account for the fact that providing a high quality streamingvideo to the client 200 may significantly impact performance of theremainder of the web page, because properly streaming the video mayrequire that packets be delivered on a schedule sufficient to adequatelyreconstruct the video at the client 200. Thus, if a network performanceindicator 420 indicates that latency has increased, an alternate dataset 440 can be provided with a lower quality video, and additionally,the alternate data set 440 can prioritize the video packets over thephoto album packets to ensure that the video is accuratelyreconstructed. Alternatively, for another example, the resolution of thephotos may be reduced in an alternate data set 440, so as to enableinteractivity in the instant messaging chat and to enable a high qualityvideo to be streamed to client 200, if the quality of the video is givenhigh priority in the content delivery system 100. It will be understoodthat many implementations can be used to manage the weights andpriorities of portions of web page content or other requested content,so as to provide an overall positive experience from the perspective ofthe client 200.

In some exemplary embodiments of the content delivery system 100, anadditional beneficial feature is the ability to intelligently andautomatically balance the transmission load across multiple servers 300.If multiple servers 300 are utilized in the content delivery system 100,then the performance indicators 420 can vary between each server-clientpair. For example, a first set of performance indicators 420 can applybetween a first server 300 and a client 200, while a second set ofperformance indicators can apply between a second server 300 and thesame client 200. If the second set of performance indicators 420suggests a better performance in delivering data between the secondserver 300 and the client 200, as opposed to between the first server300 and the client 200, then the content delivery system 100 can satisfythe client's content request 410 through the second server 300. Theserver 300 used to satisfy a particular content request 410 or multiplecontent requests 410 from the client 200 can be dynamically changedbased on updates to the respective performance indicators 420. As aresult, the content delivery system 100 can provide improved scalabilityand load-balancing over conventional systems.

Embodiments of the present invention can thus provide an effective meansof dynamically selecting appropriate available data to deliver across anetwork 50, based on network performance, so as to provide a positiveoverall experience from the perspective of a client 200. Accordingly,embodiments of the content delivery system 100 can effectively serviceeven a graphically-intensive website.

While the content delivery system has been disclosed in exemplary forms,many modifications, additions, and deletions may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the system, method, and theirequivalents, as set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: transmitting, from a clientdevice and to a remote server, a request to deliver requested contentover a network; responsive to receiving, at the client device and fromthe remote server, a test packet comprising a first request forconfirmation, transmitting, to the remote server, a first confirmation;receiving, at the client device and from the remote server, a first dataset, the first data set being at least a first portion of the requestedcontent, and the first data set comprising a second request forconfirmation; transmitting, to the remote server, a second confirmation;and receiving, at the client device and from the remote server, a seconddata set, the second data set being at least a second portion of therequested content, the second portion of the requested content beingdifferent from the first portion of the requested content, and thesecond data set received responsive to determining, by the remoteserver, a change in network performance based at least in part on acomparison of the first confirmation and the second confirmation.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the requested content comprises content of aweb page.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion of therequested content has a smaller transmission size than the first portionof the requested content.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstdata set is a primary data set and the second data set is an alternatedata set.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data set is ofhigher quality than the second data set.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the first confirmation comprises a timestamp.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the change in network performance is a reduction innetwork latency.
 8. A system comprising: at least one processor; a firstserver having a memory for storing a first data set; a second serverhaving a memory for storing a second data set; at least one memoryoperatively coupled to the at least one processor and configured forstoring data and instructions that, when executed by the processor,cause the system to perform a method comprising: transmitting, from aclient device and to a remote server, a request to deliver requestedcontent over a network; responsive to receiving, at the client deviceand from the remote server, a test packet comprising a first request forconfirmation, transmitting, to the remote server, a first confirmation;receiving, at the client device and from the remote server, a first dataset, the first data set being at least a first portion of the requestedcontent, and the first data set comprising a second request forconfirmation; transmitting, to the remote server, a second confirmation;and receiving, at the client device and from the remote server, a seconddata set, the second data set being at least a second portion of therequested content, the second portion of the requested content beingdifferent from the first portion of the requested content, and thesecond data set received responsive to determining, by the remoteserver, a change in network performance based at least in part on acomparison of the first confirmation and the second confirmation.
 9. Thesystem of claim 8, wherein the requested content comprises content of aweb page.
 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the second portion of therequested content has a smaller transmission size than the first portionof the requested content.
 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the firstdata set is a primary data set and the second data set is an alternatedata set.
 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the first data set is ofhigher quality than the second data set.
 13. The system of claim 8,wherein the first confirmation comprises a timestamp.
 14. The system ofclaim 8, wherein the change in network performance is a reduction innetwork latency.
 15. A computer-program product embodied in anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructionsencoded thereon that, when executed by a computing device, causes thecomputing device to perform a method comprising: transmitting, from aclient device and to a remote server, a request to deliver requestedcontent over a network; responsive to receiving, at the client deviceand from the remote server, a test packet comprising a first request forconfirmation, transmitting, to the remote server, a first confirmation;receiving, at the client device and from the remote server, a first dataset, the first data set being at least a first portion of the requestedcontent, and the first data set comprising a second request forconfirmation; transmitting, to the remote server, a second confirmation;and receiving, at the client device and from the remote server, a seconddata set, the second data set being at least a second portion of therequested content, the second portion of the requested content beingdifferent from the first portion of the requested content, and thesecond data set received responsive to determining, by the remoteserver, a change in network performance based at least in part on acomparison of the first confirmation and the second confirmation. 16.The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the requested contentcomprises content of a web page.
 17. The computer-program product ofclaim 15, wherein the second portion of the requested content has asmaller transmission size than the first portion of the requestedcontent.
 18. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the firstdata set is a primary data set and the second data set is an alternatedata set.
 19. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein thefirst data set is of higher quality than the second data set.
 20. Thecomputer-program product of claim 15, wherein the change in networkperformance is a reduction in network latency.